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Narrative Text

Definition of Narrative

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.

Generic Structure of Narrative

A narrative text will consists of the following structure:

1. Orientation: Introducing the participants and informing the time and the place

2. Complication: Describing the rising crises which the participants have to do with

The Story of Sangkuriang and Tangkuban Perahu Mountain

Once, there was a kingdom in Priangan Land. Lived a happy family. They were a father in form of dog,his name is Tumang, a mother which was called is Dayang Sumbi, and a child which was called Sangkuriang.
One day, Dayang Sumbi asked her son to go hunting with his lovely dog, Tumang. After hunting all day, Sangkuriang began desperate and worried because he hunted no deer. Then he thought to shot his own dog. Then he took the dog liver and carried home.

Soon Dayang Sumbi found out that it was not deer lever but Tumang's, his own dog. So, She was very angry and hit Sangkuriang's head. In that incident, Sangkuriang got wounded and scar then cast away from their home.

Years go bye, Sangkuriang had travel many places and finally arrived at a village. He met a beautiful woman and felt in love with her. When they were discussing their wedding plans, The woman looked at the wound in Sangkuriang's head. It matched to her son's wound who had left severall years earlier. Soon she realized that she felt in love with her own son.

She couldn't marry him but how to say it. Then, she found the way. She needed a lake and a boat for celebrating their wedding day. Sangkuriang had to make them in one night. He built a lake. With a dawn just moment away and the boat was almost complete. Dayang Sumbi had to stop it. Then, she lit up the eastern horizon with flashes of light. It made the cock crowed for a new day.
Sangkuriang failed to marry her. She was very angry and kicked the boat. It felt over and became the mountain of Tangkuban Perahu Bandung.

Recount Text

Definition of Recount
Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative

Generic Structure of Recount
1. Orientation: Introducing the participants, place and time
2. Events: Describing series of event that happened in the past
3. Reorientation: It is optional. Stating personal comment of the writer to the story

Language Feature of Recount
• Introducing personal participant; I, my group, etc
• Using chronological connection; then, first, etc
• Using linking verb; was, were, saw, heard, etc
• Using action verb; look, go, change, etc

PROCEDURE TEXT

Our first download pack helps students to write better explanations and procedures (also called "instructions"). These are two of the most useful and important nonfiction genres (or kinds of text).

Grade level 3-5

Students need clear examples of different kinds (genres) of nonfiction. If we don't show children examples of explanations, how can we expect them to know how to write one?

Each example comes with an outline of its key features, and definitions of key terms (such as goal, materials, and method in a procedure).

With your mouse roll over this example sheet to see the assessment sheet.

What's in this download?

The package includes four worksheets. the first two are example sheets for the students. The other two are assessment sheets to help you assess the students' work.

Procedure: How to make a banana shake (example)

Explanation: How bread is made (example)

Assessment/procedure (A checklist for teachers)

Assessment/explanation (A checklist for teachers)

With your mouse roll over this example sheet to see the assessment sheet.

Assessment

We make assessment easier by providing a free assessment sheet with each example.

What's the difference between explanations and procedures?

These two genres are related. They both tell the reader how something is made or done. The difference is in the language and also how the text is used.

Procedures are instructions, full of commands: First pour the milk. Then add the eggs. Recipes are procedures. You use a procedure to make something. The reader moves back and forth between the text and some equipment.

Explanations are full of passive verbs. Everything is done by a mysterious invisible hand: First the milk is poured. Then the eggs are added. Science and social studies books are full of explanations. You use an explanation to find out how something is done, or how something works.

How to use the worksheet pack

To write better explanations and procedures

The students can use the example sheets when writing their own explanation or procedure. Always set them to write on a different topic from the one on the example sheet.

Use the assessment sheets as a checklist to be sure you cover all aspects of the genre when assessing the students' work. Also: older students can use the assessment sheets to monitor their own writing. These assessment sheets work as a checklist to be sure they have completed all aspects of the task.

To learn about the language of explanations and procedures

The worksheet pack can also be used to compare these two kinds of writing. This activity helps students to notice the language of a procedure or explanation. The simplest way to do this is to ask students

·         to rewrite the procedure as an explanation (called How they make banana smoothies) or

·         to rewrite the explanation as a procedure (called How to cook bread). Students would in this case omit the last two paragraphs which relate to bakeries.

Worksheets may be copied for your own classroom only.

                  

Exposition

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Exposition is to provide some background information to inform the readers about the plot, theme, etc.

REPORT

Written reports are documents which present focused, salient content to a specific audience. Reports are often used to display the result of an experiment, investigation, or inquiry. The audience may be public or private, an individual or the public in general. Reports are used in government, business, education, science, and other fields.
Reports often use persuasive elements, such as graphics, images, voice, or specialized vocabulary in order to persuade that specific audience to undertake an action. One of the most common formats for presenting reports is IMRAD: Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion. This structure is standard for the genre because it mirrors the traditional publication of scientific research and summons the ethos and credibility of that discipline. Reports are not required to follow this pattern, and may use alternative patterns like the problem-solution format.
Additional elements often used to persuade readers include: headings to indicate topics, to more complex formats including charts, tables, figures, pictures, tables of contents, abstracts, summaries, appendices, footnotes, hyperlinks, and references.
Some examples of reports are: scientific reports, recommendation reports, white papers, annual reports, auditor's reports, workplace reports, census reports, trip reports, progress reports, investigative reports, budget reports, policy reports, demographic reports, credit reports, appraisal reports, inspection reports, military reports, bound reports, etc.